An additional source of insulation derived from hemp is hempcrete, which consists of hemp hurds (shives) mixed with a lime binder. Fully sustainable: Consists of phenolic, a foaming agent, and air. Blown with air (no CFCs, HCFCs or other harmful blowing agents). Although CFCs are no longer used, some use HCFCs or HFCs as blowing agents. White or yellow. May use a variety of blowing agents. During a fire emergency, a copy of the approved fire safety plan must be available for the responding fire department's use. In May 1999, the North American Insulation Manufacturers Association began implementing a comprehensive voluntary work practice partnership with the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). However, manufacturers continue to provide cancer risk warning labels on their products, apparently as indeminfication against claims. As wool absorbs moisture it heats up and therefore reduces the risk of condensation. Wool is capable of absorbing as much as 40% of its own weight in condensation while remaining dry to the touch. The program, known as the Health and Safety Partnership Program, or HSPP, promotes the safe handling and use of insulation materials and incorporates education and training for the manufacture, fabrication, installation and removal of fiber glass, rock wool and slag wool insulation products.
Materials with one shiny side (such as foil-faced polystyrene) must be positioned with the shiny side facing an air space to be effective. Air infiltration through the insulating material itself is not studied well, but would be lower for wet-spray insulations such as wet-spray cellulose. Tripolymer can be installed in wall cavities that have fiberglass and cellulose in them. May require the HVAC system to have a source of fresh outside air, since the structure may not refresh inside air without it. A radiant barrier by itself will not affect heat conducted through the material by direct contact or heat transferred by moist air rising or convection. Known for its air sealing abilities. Closed-cell foam is non-porous, and not moisture-penetrable, thereby effectively forming a semi-permeable vapor barrier. Foil-faced batts are vapor barriers. Resistant to water wicking, but permeable to water vapor. Loses effectiveness when moist or wet, but does not absorb much water. One can install batts in two layers across an unfinished attic floor, perpendicular to each other, for increased effectiveness at preventing heat bridging. Compressing the material reduces its effectiveness. The binder material can be new or recycled. Similarly, many plant-based waste materials can be used as insulation such as nut shells, corncobs, most straws including lavender straw, recycled wine bottle corks (granulated), etc. They usually have significantly less thermal performance than industrial products; this can be compensated by increasing thickness of the insulation layer.
Many types are made of recycled materials (a type of cellulose) and are relatively inexpensive. As such Materials reflecting Radiant Heat with negligible "R-Value" should also be classified as "Thermal/ Heat Insulation". Radiant barriers prevent radiant heat transfer equally in both directions. Closed-cell foams are superior insulators. Those who inspect buildings for violations of the Fire Code and go into schools to educate children on fire safety topics are Fire Department members known as Fire Prevention Officers. TAB usually refers to commercial building construction and the specialized contractors who employ personnel that perform this service. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing and those that are taught or provided to occupants of the building. Both are potent greenhouse gases, and HCFCs have some ozone depletion potential. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, there is insufficient data to accurately assess the potential for exposures to the toxic and environmentally harmful isocyanates which constitute 50% of the foam material. Formaldehyde-free batts and batts made with varying amounts of recycled glass (some approaching 50% post-consumer recycled content) are available.
Fiberglass fibers are bound into batts using adhesive binders, which can contain adhesives that can slowly release formaldehyde over many years. Sheep's wool insulation has a long lifetime due to the natural crimp in the fibre, endurance testing has shown it has a life expectancy of over 100 years. However emissions are highest when the urea-formaldehyde is new and decrease over time, so houses that have had urea-formaldehyde within their walls for years or decades do not require remediation. Batts are precut, whereas blankets are available in continuous rolls. Batts can be challenging and unpleasant to hang under floors between joists; straps, or staple cloth or wire mesh across joists, can hold it up. Minor damages to cork surface can make the material more prone to staining. More expensive than other types of insulation. This is important if space is limited, because it allows a thinner layer of insulation to be used.
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